Small scalds and burns can be treated by a first aider, but often medical attention is needed.

What are they?

Burns are caused by dry heat and scalds are caused by wet heat.

Both burns and scalds damage the body by removing the layer of skin that protects the body from infection.

Symptoms
Extreme pain
Shock, depending on severity of burn
Swelling around site of burn
Redness and blistering
Charred skin on a very deep burn

First aid aims

Halt the burning
Alleviate pain
Minimise risk of infection

Actions

Stop the burning by applying running cold water to site of burn for at least ten minutes
Cover wound using a clean pad or cling film to prevent infection
Remove any jewellery near burn site

Treat for shock

Further action

Unless the wound is superficial, call 999.
Minor cuts and grazes
Most cuts and grazes can be treated by a first aider.


Cleaning the wound

Wash wound gently with water and mild soap
Remove any debris and dirt
Press clean pad on wound to halt bleeding
Cover with sterile adhesive bandage
Inspect regularly and remove bandage when a scab has formed

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor if:
You're unable to clean all the dirt from the wound
The cut is more than 1cm long, or is deep

Further action

Get help if:

Bleeding persists

Casualty shows symptoms of shock